ACT Practice Tests What They Can and Cant Do

ACT Practice Tests What They Can and Can't Do SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips ACT practice tests are invaluable for any level of ACT preparation, from those just beginning their study to those who have studied for months already. There are limits, however, to what ACT practice tests can do. Read on to find out what things ACT practice tests are good for and what they just can’t accomplish. feature image credit: Limited/used under CC BY 2.0/Cropped and resized from original. What ACT Practice Tests Do Well Going through ACT practice tests can help your studying in myriad ways. For one thing, taking practice ACTs orients you towards the test. If you get too caught up in doing practice problem sets, you can forget what your ultimate goal is: doing well on the ACT when you sit down and take it on test day, not just acing problems in isolation. Making it through the full test length (between three and four hours, depending on whether or not you take ACT Plus Writing) requires stamina as well as knowledge, and part of being prepared is making sure that you’re strong in both those arenas. At the very beginning of your studying, you should sit down and take a realistic ACT practice test all the way through. The realistic part is important because by taking practice tests in the morning and all at once (just like the real ACT), you’ll be able to review mistakes that wouldn’t show up if you were just doing practice sets in the afternoon or evening. Practice tests are valuable not just because of what you gain while you’re taking them, but because of what you can gain upon reflection after taking the test. After you've taken your first practice test, note what surprised you most about the experience (both in a good way and in a bad way). It could turn out that you're a lot more focused when you sit down to take the test all at once; on the other hand, you might discover that when you take the ACT at 8am, you're a lot more prone to making careless mistakes on Reading than you would be otherwise. Reviewing wrong answers, or even questions you weren't sure about but guessed correctly on, is key to improvement. Once you identify your problems, you can then come up with solutions (whether it’s making sure to sleep enough the night before the test or continuing to take more practice tests to get used to the time demands). After you've implemented those solutions, you should take a second practice test and see if the changes you've made in your studying have resulted in changes in your score. One final point is that taking practice tests close (but not too close) to the ACT helps you build up your test muscle memory. Like playing a piano concerto all the way through in advance of a concert, or playing through a full-time scrimmage before a big game, taking full-length ACT practice tests gets your mind in shape. Overall, practice tests are a critical (30%+) part of a good ACT study program. It’s imperative that you have high accuracy questions that are representative of what you'll see on test day, and there's no better source of these high-quality questions than official ACT practice tests. Read more about why high-quality materials are important in our guide to the best ACT prep websites out there. What ACT Practice Tests Don’t Do While practice tests are important for all the reasons outlined above, you can't spend 80%+ of your ACT prep time on practice tests and call it a day, because practice tests aren’t the answer to every problem and won’t cure all your issues. For example, if you're 30 hours into your studying, you shouldn't take three practice tests in a row and expect to see positive results. You'll be gaining a little bit of muscle memory, but score increases as a result of muscle memory are very low. You'd be better off investing that time shoring up your weak spots with targeted practice questions. Focused practice outside of taking full-length practice tests is important for improving specific skills, like using quadratic equations or understanding parallelisms. Doing the same type of question over and over again and drilling down on why you're making mistakes is the most effective path to improving your performance in those areas. Seeking Lavender (Provence 2012)/used under CC BY-SA 2.0/Resized from original. As you improve on the ACT overall, doing this kind of narrow practice is more efficient, because the more you study, the fewer areas and types of questions you’ll struggle with. Thus, it’s a better use of your time to focus in on your weak areas rather than taking an entire practice test and wasting time on doing questions that you already can ace. Practice tests also become useless or wasted without enough preparation before taking each one. If you take one, don’t learn any lessons (either by reflecting on wrong answers or reviewing theory and content you didn't know), and take another practice test, the second one will almost certainly be a waste of time and energy. What’s Next? Want to make sure you're mimicking the real test when you take practice tests? Learn about the eight steps to follow to get the most realistic ACT practice test experience here. Have a limited amount of time to study and want to make sure you divide it up wisely? Read our guide to using ACT practice tests over 20 hours of prep. How can you study your way to a perfect ACT score? PrepScholar co-founder and perfect scorer Allen Cheng walks you through his process in his article on how to get a perfect 36 on the ACT. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes your prep program to your strengths and weaknesses. We also have expert instructors who can grade every one of your practice ACT essays, giving feedback on how to improve your score. Check out our 5-day free trial:

Trace the roots of conflict in Syria. Which theory of International Essay - 1

Trace the roots of conflict in Syria. Which theory of International Relations can be applied to understand this conflict Justify your answer - Essay Example It further facilitates to explain the ways in which an individual’s decisions have an influence upon other countries and people. International relations are considered to be a new as well as invigorating discipline and are considered to be the study of politics at the international, regional as well as global level. Although international relations are considered to be a modern field, it has gained importance in the present world owing to the term globalisation. It is a well known fact that positive international relations assist in stimulating effectual trade policies among nations. It is via international relations that determine the needs and the limitations of cross-border trade. International relations not only concentrate about reporting as well as monitoring the flow of activities or goods and services, they also serve as an important strategy for stimulating the growth of the human culture. It can be mentioned that the diversity in the culture of the world can be endor sed as well as shared via enlightened international relations policies (BBC News, 2012). The chief objective of the paper is to comprehend the main reasons behind the conflicts taking place in Syria. It shall also endeavour to identify the ways in which the theories of international relations can be applied effectively to comprehend the conflicts. The theory of realism shall be studied in details since it relates to the scenario of Syria. The study shall also take into account two different theories of international relations such as liberalism as well as international society and comprehend the ways in which they do not relate to the scenario of Syria. It has been recognised that an increasing number of people have died because of the conflicts that had occurred between the President Bashar al-Assad’s government as well as the revolutionary troops wanting him out (The Economist, 2011). As per the views of the International Red Cross, it has

Terry V Ohio case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Terry V Ohio - Case Study Example The detective observed John Terry and Richard Chilton standing on a street corner. They were seen walking back and forth alternately using the same route and stopping to stare at a store in the street. This was done five or six times by each individual leading to a walk up and down the street about twelve times. Each time this walk was over they would pause and talk to each other. During one of these trips in front of the store, a third man joined the two and spoke to them for a brief period before leaving. Identified as Katz, the detective felt this was a set-up for holding up the store, especially when all three individuals rejoined a few blocks away from the store. McFadden then went up to the three men and asked them their names. They were unable to give an answer which created further suspicion in the officer’s mind. The officer quickly reached out to pat the clothes of one of these men during which he came upon a gun in Terry’s overcoat pocket. Reaching inside to remove the gun, McFadden was unable to grasp it and take it out. Thus, he asked Terry to remove the coat itself. This allowed him to take out the revolver. Ordering the men to face the wall with their arms raised the officer was able to check the clothing of the other two men: Katz and Chilton. Chilton too was found carrying a gun. During the pat-down the officer had not been able to find anything on Katz which is why the outer garments of this individual were not checked. Terry and Chilton had been given the same pat-down but upon discovering the weapons., the officer put his hands under their garments to remove the guns. Taking the three men with him to the police station, they were charged with carrying concealed weapons. The defendants of these three individuals then used the seizure and search of the weapons as a violation of the Fourth Amendment. This amendment is part of the Bill of Rights in the United States constitution and protects individuals from irrational seizures and searches. According to this amendment a search warrant has to present to the individual before they can be checked otherwise it will be abusing the law. This warrant also has to be presented by a court that must be given proper reason for its issuing. The importance of this warrant is such that anyone who disobeys it or gives it for an unreasonable cause will also be held accountable in court Thus, under this view the defendants presented their clients as being wrongfully abused by the law. Chief Justice Warren presided over this case and began with the principles established in the Fourth Amendment. The first was that the Fourth Amendment was responsible for protecting people, rather than places and thus gave as much protection to the citizen on the street as to the one at home (Legal Information Institute). Thus, the Court now had to decide whether it was illegal for the officer to check these men without warrant. The problem that arose was the idea of stop and frisk which had occasionally been used by police officers to check suspicious individuals. The problem was that giving the officers so much power without a legal justification could lead to violation of personal security and abuse of authority. The police officers felt that this move was necessary to prevent situations could become dangerous and this stop

Overview Of Hotel Reservation Software Information Technology Essay

Overview Of Hotel Reservation Software Information Technology Essay If guest want to make reservation, they need to call Hotel Front Office to reserve desired room. In this case, Receptionists have to record all Room information and Customer information which concerns with particular reservation with manually paper based system. Besides, Front Desk processes (Check In, Check Out, etc) have been recorded with paper based system as well. In other words, it can be said that all processes of Front Desk in Hotel are undertaken to run with paper bases system. Thus, Data inconsistent problems are faced due to processing with paper system. Furthermore, data are not easily review as it needs to store huge range of data and problems can occurred when searching associated records. For instance, Front Office Staff will get trouble when they want to search record of customer who stays in hotel over 5 times for discount promotion factors. Thus, people change to use computerized system which is more effective than paper based system. Because of using computerized system, long term record can be review easily and quickly, data security can be limited with authorization procedures and besides, profit and loss record of Hotel can be checked and reviewed by Management level. From these time, Hotel Reservation General Suite are more effective as time over. Why is Hotel Reservation System used in web? The main purpose of hotel reservation system in the web is to become real time processing system. A online hotel reservation software is used by businesses to mechanize their day-to-day operations such as reservations, room bookings, check-ins or check outs. Basically, it serves the purpose of easing out the woes of the hotel management as well as that of the customers, who are extremely important in the hospitality business. A online hotel reservation software is developed for compatibility with the internet. Such online hotel reservation software is used for the purpose of different types of accommodations like Hotels, University accommodation letting, Hotels and Guesthouses, Cabins, Cottages, Villas, Hostels or any other room booking through internet, thus adding to the convenience of the customers. Advantages The online hotel reservation software system helps to boost revenue as it saves processing time and also helps to provide better management in cases of booking system and room reservation. The software application system can be used to manage the daily transactions of a hotel, which includes restaurant billing, reservation billing, check-ins, check outs and a complete accounting section. This type of software is a contemporary solution which has whole variety of detailed modules to cover each function in managing a hotel. With the online hotel reservation software, the bookings and transactions can be done virtually any time of the day and from anywhere in the world. With hotel software installed, the staffing can be reduced significantly by the management and also, because fully functional software is being used, the chances of errors too become nil. 2. Analysis 2.1. Requirements Gathering and Observation Overview This system is currently based on the functionality of Inya Lake Hotel at 37, Kaba Aye, Pagoda Road, Yangon (Rangoon), Myanmar. This was built in the 1960. This hotel is situated on the borders of the Inya Lake, just 15 minute drive from the city center and is conveniently close to the airport. As it is one of the great and splendid hotel in yangon, it offers great facilities such as function halls containing events Banquet and conference facilities, wedding with different Package, Dinning, Fitness center, Swimming Pool, Tennis etc. Furthermore, this hotel provides 175 guest rooms raging from Superior to Presidential with fully equipment. Background of the project The name of the hotel is Inya Lake which has 5 types of rooms such as single, double, family, superior. The guests who check-in to the hotel must firstly complete a registration form. Sometimes guests do not directly check-in to the hotel, they reserve type of room they want. And then they check-in to the hotel with their reserved room so that reserved rooms are not available for directly check-in guest until withdrawing reservation Block reservation may be made by travel agents for tour groups. When they arrive, check-in and register procedures are carried out as usual and allocated to their reserved rooms. Check out and payment procedures are also the same as normal guests. Reservation may come from guests or travel agent via telephone. Inya Lake hotel also has restaurant which serve food and meal for guest. Laundry, telephone, and mini bar service are available to the customer. When guest takes these services, associated staff procedure and restaurant bill and send bill to the Front Office department. When guest request check out, receptionist calculate bill and procedure check out bill. Payment is made by guests when they check-out, Bill which contains room charges and other charges is produced to guest. Introduction to System The main responsible person in the Hotel Reservation Processes is Receptionist (Front-Office staff) who needs a system that will enable them to check whether a reservation request is possible record the booking retrieve the booking at the appropriate time. It does not matter how the request for a reservation is made; the system of processing will remain the same. The current system process for reservation is as follows and all of these processes are operating manually; Guest Reservation by telephone, fax, personal Check-in process Check-out process Payment process Guest Reservation First of all, guest reservation process is first phase of the Guest Cycle, in other words Pre-arrival phase which involves activities, for instance, reservation by preferred method (telephone, fax, personal), identification of source of business, prepayment, and other pre-arrival activities. The minimum information require in this process are When? How long? Who? and What type of room? Receptionist have to check at Room List to make sure there is available room to reserve. Consequently, the receptionist will respond with Price, Conditions and other further answers that guest require. After confirming with Room List and Guest, receptionist has to add reservation information in the Reservation Records. Guest Registration Guest Registration process contain in Arrival phase of the Guest Cycle. This process contains identification of guest status, room assignment, rate assignment, establishment of credit. Registration process has two types; registration with prior reservation or registration without reservation. If they have a reservation they will be allocated to a reserved room of the requested type. However, if they have no reservation, they are allocated to an available room which matches their requirements. There is no online payment accept by hotel currently, and customer need to pay advance paid when check in to the hotel. Check-in process After Registration process, check-in procedures carry out, eg. after filling registration form, creation of guest account, issuing of room key and rooming of guest are included in check-in procedures. As for check-in procedures, receptionist has to fill Guest information (Guest account) to the file and record all guest information required. Prepayment task will involve in the check-in procedure by guest preferred method. After issuing room key, check-in procedure is completed. Check-out process In a check-out time, a full list of room charges and unpaid services as well as any prepayments are produced as a bill. The guest pays any outstanding amounts and is issued with a receipt to continue to go payment process. Receptionist has to communicate with other departments such as Food Beverages, Services, Telephone operating, etc to make sure all bill to collect till guest request to check-out (returning room key). Payment process Guest can give their suitable cost by different method in payment process when they are check out from the hotel; Cash, Credit Card, Cheque, Foreign currency. Reporting Process The middle management level can see the operation transaction reports that are reserve, check in, check out and guest. The top management level can see the strategic reports such as which room is mostly check in search by period, which room is mostly reserve search by period, and monthly and yearly report. Fact Finding There are many fact-finding methods. There are observation, record searching, special purpose record searching records, sampling, questionnaires, interview and workshops. Among these, I had used some methods to get required facts and information. Among these, I used some methods to gather the required information. Both Observation and Interviewing are used to get require information. Firstly, I interview with the employees of the InyaLake Hotel to know domain of the organization and what they need. And then I interview with the management level of the InyaLake Hotel to get different requirement with different point of view. After that I collected the require form check out voucher and other external services voucher and so on. Secondly, I used formal or informal observation, and both are equally useful. Formal observation is a planned, conscious approach, which involves watching an operation or procedure for a specific period. But informal observation should be used at all times when investigating user operation. I observed the procedures of currently used system and collected all necessary facts by analyzing documents and interviewing the customers and owner of the system. In addition, I also surf the web from various brands of the not only online hotel reservation software and online front desk software. Prioritization Requirements Requirement should be prioritized. One way to do this by use of the MoScoW rules, MoScoW stands for Must Have requirement are the highest priority functional requirements. Without then the system will be unworkable and useless. These requirements constitute the minimal usable subset of all requirements. For my system, reservation, check in, check out are highest priority. Should Have requirement are the next priority group. In a less time constrained project they would belong to the first group, but the system will be useful and usable without them. For my system, room gallery and external services sub system is that a kind of priority. Could Have requirement are those that can be more easily left out of the increment which is being developed. It means they are going to included later. For my system, expand and inventory control are that kind of requirement. Want to have but will not have this time round requirements are those which can wait until later development takes place. For my system, Payroll for staff is a kind of requirement. Introduction of UML UML or Unified Modelling Language is a multipurpose modelling language that aims to provide a standard for modelling a system. UML consists of various diagrams used to model a system from initial idea to an implement able project. Each model carries the specifications and requirement of that same system from different point of view. For example, the users of a particular system only want to know what the system can do while the designer will design what and how many functions or tasks in that system. But a programmer or engineer needs to know how to perform a particular function or how each task affect each other. All this can be realize using UML diagrams. UML provides standard methods and notation to create these models as well as guideline to transform one model to another model while preserving the consistency between models. UML is a collaboration of several traditional modelling concepts and notation. It is first created by Grady Booch, James Rumbaugh and Ivar Jacobson during 1994. UML is a non proprietary modelling language but its ownership and evolution responsibility is governed by Object Management Group (OMG). The application of UML is very wide. It is not only used in object oriented systems analysis and design. It is also used widely in all phases of complex software development life cycles, development of many systems engineering, as well as in modelling of many business processes. UML is not dependent on any programming languages and strongly highlight the concept of reuse, layering, partitioning and modularity. In general, UML is design to be flexible, extendable and open to many specific applications or industries. UML provides guideline on how to extend a system using stereotypes method. Introduction to UML Diagram According to the new OMGs information, there are a total of thirteen types of diagrams define in the latest UML 2.0, which is divided into three categories namely static structure, behaviour and interaction. Static structure models include the Class diagram, Object diagram, Component diagram, Composite Structure diagram, Package diagram, and Deployment diagram. Behaviour models include the Use Case diagram, Activity diagram, and State diagram. And lastly interaction models include the Sequence diagram, Communication diagram, Timing diagram, and Interaction Overview diagram. Each of the diagrams serves its own purpose and is strongly related to each other. InyaLake Hotel Use Case Use Case Description Register Customer this use case described to customer register for the system. In other word, it mostly intended for member customer. This use case exist top of the diagram because the other transaction need to work after the registration process. Reserve Room Type this use case identify the booking of the room type. It includes two types of booking that are online and offline. The online booking only performs for registration member and the offline booking carry out for guest. Check In this use case explain for customer check in room when a customer from booking or direct check in. Take Service this use case mean when the customers check in room in hotel, they can request the service form a hotel. After finishing of the request service, the staff will perform their request service. Check Out -this use case describes the customer request check out the room from a hotel. In this process, the system will perform calculation both room charges and service charges. Finally, the system produces a bill for customer. Use Case: Reserve Room Type Primary Scenario 1. The use case starts when a customer enters the reservation link. 2. The system will show login screen. 3. A customer enters the email and password in a login form. 4. The system will display reservation page. 5. The system will generate the auto reservation id for a particular customer. 6. A customer enters a total guest in the reservation form. 7. A customer selects arrival date and departure date in the reservation from. 8. A customer chooses a room types and fill a number of room to stay in the hotel and click the add button. 9. The system will show the reserve room type list in the screen. 10. A customer presses the Reserve button to reservation. 11. The system will verify the information, save reservation information, use case ends. Secondary Scenario 1. The use case starts when a customer enters the reservation link. 2. The system will show login screen. 3. If a customer has not a member, a customer clicks the sign up button to show register page. 4. The system will show register screen and auto generate the Member ID. 5. The customer enter Name, Password, Nationality, NRC/Passport, Phone, Gender, DOB, Email, Address and click the register button. 6. The system will transfer login screen again. 7. A customer enters the email and password in a login form. 8. The system will display reservation page. 9. The system will generate the auto reservation id for a particular customer. 10. A customer enters a total guest in the reservation form. 11. A customer selects arrival date and departure date in the reservation from. 12. A customer chooses a room types and fill a number of room to stay in the hotel and click the add button. 13. The system will show the reserve room type list in the screen. 14. A customer presses the reserve button to reservation. 15. The system will verify the information, save reservation information, use case ends. Use Case: Check In Primary Scenario 1. The use case starts when a staff enters the check in link. 2. A staff selects a member or guest who makes reservation. 3. The system will display member Information, reserved room information. 4. A staff selects room type. 5. The system will show available room information. 6. A staff chooses a room from available room list to check in. 7. A staff clicks the check in button to check in. 8. The system will verify the information, save check in information, use case ends. Secondary Scenario 1. The use case starts when a staff enters the check in link. 2. A staff selects a member or guest who makes reservation. 3. à ¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‹â€ Ãƒ ¡Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¹Ãƒ ¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‹â€ Ãƒ ¡Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¹If a member or guest is not to make reservation. 4. A staff selects check in date and check out date. 5. If a customer is guest enter guest information else enter the member id to verify valid member. 6. A staff enter total guest. 7. A staff selects room type. 5. The system will show available room information. 6. A staff chooses a room from available room list to check in. 7. A staff clicks the check in button to check in. 8. The system will verify the information, save check in information, use case ends. Use Case: Take Service Primary Scenario 1. The use case starts when a staff enters the service taken link. 2. A staff enters to room no to take service. 3. The system will shows check in information and produce service taken form. 4. A staff enters a service voucher number. 5. A staff selects a service type. 6. A system will show relevant service item and price. 7. A staff enters amount of service item. 8. The system will calculate and display total amount. 9. A staff press add button to take service. 10. The system will display service taken list and services total. 11. A staff clicks the save button. 12. The system will verify the information, save check in information, use case ends. Secondary Scenario 1. The use case starts when a staff enters the service taken link. 2. A staff enters to room no to take service. 3. The system will shows check in information and produce service taken form. 4. A staff enters a service voucher number. 5. A staff selects a service type. 6. A system will show relevant service item and price. 7. A staff enters amount of service item. 8. The system will calculate and display total amount. 9. A staff press add button to take service. 10. The system will display service taken list and services total. 11. A staff clicks the save button. 12. The system will verify the information, save check in information, use case ends. Alternative Paths 2. If there is not found check in room, the system will show error message and use case ends. Use Case: Check Out Primary Scenario 1. The use case starts when a staff enters check out link. 2. A staff select member id or guest name choose to check out. 3. The system will show check in information, check in room and total room charges information, service taken and service taken charges information. 4. A staff clicks the check out button. 5. The system will verify the information, save check in information, use case ends. Alternative Paths 2. If there is not found member id, guest name, the system will show error message and use case ends. Secondary Scenario 1. The use case starts when a staff enters check out link. 2. A staff select room number choose to check out. 3. The system will show check in information, check in room and total room charges information, service taken and service taken charges information. 4. A staff clicks the check out button. 5. The system will verify the information, save check in information, use case ends. Alternative Paths 2. If there is not found room number, the system will show error message and use case ends. Class Diagram Why divide member and guest table? In a hotel, every guest cannot be fill registration and they may want to stay only one time to stay that hotel. In this situation, I separate the two types of customers that are guest which do not fill registration and may be one time customer for each hotel and member who comes often/always come to hotel. Why I made generalization for user table?

Chapter 10 Banking and the Management of Financial Institutions Essay

Factors Causing Financial Crises 1) A major disruption in financial markets characterized by sharp declines in asset prices and firm failures is called a A) financial crisis. 2) A financial crisis occurs when an increase in asymmetric information from a disruption in the financial system A) causes severe adverse selection and moral hazard problems that make financial markets incapable of channeling funds efficiently. 3) A serious consequence of a financial crisis is A) a contraction in economic activity. 4) A sharp decline in the stock market means that the ________ of corporations has fallen making lenders ________ willing to lend. A) net worth; less 5) A sharp stock market decline increases moral hazard incentives A) since borrowing firms have less to lose if their investments fail. 6) An unanticipated decline in the price level increases the burden of debt on borrowing firms but does not raise the real value of borrowing firms’ assets. The result is A) that net worth in real terms declines. 7) If debt contracts are denominated in foreign currency, then an unanticipated decline in the value of the domestic currency results in A) a decline in a firm’s net worth. 8) Factors that lead to worsening conditions in financial markets include: C) the deterioration in banks’ balance sheets. 9) In a bank panic, the source of contagion is the D) asymmetric information problem. 10) A bank panic can lead to a severe contraction in economic activity due to D) a decline in lending for productive investment. 11) In addition to having a direct effect on increasing adverse selection problems, increases in interest rates also promote financial crises by ________ firms’ and households’ interest payments, thereby ________ their cash flow. B) increasing; decreasing 12) In emerging economies, government fiscal imbalances may cause fears of B) default on government debt. 9.2 Dynamics of Past U.S. Financial Crises 1) When financial institutions go on a lending spree and expand their lending at a rapid pace they are participating in a A) credit boom. 2) When the value of loans begins to drop, the net worth of financial institutions falls causing them to cut back on lending in a process called A) deleveraging. 3) When financial intermediaries deleverage, firms cannot fund investment opportunities resulting in A) a contraction of economic activity. 4) A credit boom can lead to a(n) ________ such as we saw in the tech stock market in the late 1990s. A) asset-price bubble 5) Many 19th century U.S. financial crises were started by A) spikes in interest rates. 6) Most U.S. financial crises have started during periods of ________ either after the start of a recession or a stock market crash. A) high uncertainty 7) If uncertainty about banks’ health causes depositors to begin to withdraw their funds from banks, the country experiences a(n) A) banking crisis. 8) Debt deflation occurs when A) an economic downturn causes the price level to fall and a deterioration in firms’ net worth because of the increased burden of indebtedness. 9) A substantial decrease in the aggregate price level that reduces firms’ net worth may stall a recovery from a recession. This process is called A) debt deflation. 10) A possible sequence for the three stages of a financial crisis in the U.S. might be ________ leads to ________ leads to ________. A) asset price declines; banking crises; unanticipated decline in price level 11) The economy recovers quickly from most recessions, but the increase in adverse selection and moral hazard problems in the credit markets caused by ________ led to the severe economic contraction known as The Great Depression. A) debt deflation 9.3 The Subprime Financial Crisis of 2007-2008 1) Financial innovations that emerged after 2000 in the mortgage markets included all of the following except A) adjustable-rate mortgages. 2) ________ is a process of bundling together smaller loans (like mortgages) into standard debt securities. A) Securitization 3) A ________ pays out cash flows from subprime mortgage-backed securities in different tranches, with the highest-rated tranch paying out first, while lower ones paid out less if there were losses on the mortgage-backed securities. A) Collateralized debt obligation (CDO) 4) The growth of the subprime mortgage market led to A) increased demand for houses and helped fuel the boom in housing prices. 5) The originate-to-distribute business model has a serious ________ problem since the mortgage broker has little incentive to make sure that the mortgagee is a good credit risk. A) principal-agent 6) Mortgage brokers often did not make a strong effort to evaluate whether the borrower could pay off the loan. This created a A) severe adverse selection problem. 7) Agency problems in the subprime mortgage market included all of the following except A) homeowners could refinance their houses with larger loans when their homes appreciated in value. 8) When housing prices began to decline after their peak in 2006, many subprime borrowers found that their mortgages were â€Å"underwater.† This meant that A) the value of the house fell below the amount of the mortgage. 9) Although the subprime mortgage market problem began in the United States, the first indication of the seriousness of the crisis began in A) Europe. 10) Like a CDO, a structured investment vehicle pays off cash flows from pools of assets, however, rather than long-term debt the structured investment vehicle backs A) commercial paper. 11) Which investment bank filed for bankruptcy on September 15, 2008 making it the largest bankruptcy filing in U.S. history? A) Lehman Brothers 12) The largest bank failure in U.S. history was ________ which went into receivership by the FDIC on September 25, 2008. A) Washington Mutual 13) Credit market problems of adverse selection and moral hazard increased as a result of all of the following except A) increase in housing market prices. 14) The Economic Recovery Act of 2008 had several provisions to promote recovery from the subprime financial crisis. These provisions included all of the following except A) guaranteed all the deposits of the commercial banks. 15) The government bailout of troubled financial institutions occurred in the U.S. and many other countries. Which country saw their banking system collapse requiring the government to take over its three largest banks? A) Iceland 9.4 Dynamics of Financial Crises in Emerging Market Economies 1) Financial crises generally develop along two basic paths: A) mismanagement of financial liberalization/globalization and severe fiscal imbalances. 2) In emerging market countries, the deterioration in bank’s balance sheets has more ________ effects on lending and economic activity than in advanced countries. A) negative 3) The mismanagement of financial liberalization in emerging market countries can be understood as a severe ________. A) principal/agent problem 4) Factors likely to cause a financial crisis in emerging market countries include A) fiscal imbalances. 5) The two key factors that trigger speculative attacks on emerging market currencies are A) deterioration in bank balance sheets and severe fiscal imbalances. 6) Severe fiscal imbalances can directly trigger a currency crisis since A) investors fear that the government may not be able to pay back the debt and so begin to sell domestic currency. 7) In emerging market countries, many firms have debt denominated in foreign currency like the dollar or yen. A depreciation of the domestic currency A) results in increases in the firm’s indebtedness in domestic currency terms, even though the value of their assets remains unchanged. 8) A sharp depreciation of the domestic currency after a currency crisis leads to A) higher inflation. 9) The key factor leading to the financial crises in Mexico and the East Asian countries was A) a deterioration in banks’ balance sheets because of increasing loan losses. 10) Factors that led to worsening conditions in Mexico’s 1994-1995 financial markets include C) increased uncertainty from political shocks. 11) Factors that led to worsening financial market conditions in East Asia in 1997-1998 include A) weak supervision by bank regulators. 12) Factors that led to worsening conditions in Mexico’s 1994-1995 financial markets, but did not lead to worsening financial market conditions in East Asia in 1997-1998 include A) rise in interest rates abroad. 13) Argentina’s financial crisis was due to C) fiscal imbalances. 14) A feature of debt markets in emerging-market countries is that debt contracts are typically ________. A) very short term 15) The economic hardship resulting from a financial crises is severe, however, there are also social consequences such as A) increased crime. 16) Before the South Korean financial crisis, sales by the top five chaebols (family-owned conglomerates) were A) nearly 50% of GDP. 17) The chaebols encouraged the Korean government to open up Korean financial markets to foreign capital. The Korean government responded by A) allowing unlimited short-term foreign borrowing but maintained quantity restrictions on long-term foreign borrowing by financial institutions. 18) At the time of the South Korean financial crisis, the government allowed many chaebol owned finance companies to convert to merchant banks. Finance companies ________ allowed to borrow abroad and merchant banks ________. A) were not; could borrow abroad 19) At the time of the South Korean financial crisis, the merchant banks were A) almost virtually unregulated.

ASDA Conclusions

In this enquiry I have spent approximately 4 months, with a lot of time, effort and energy, studying all the different perspectives, facts and opinions for the proposals made by ASDA for a new superstore to be located on the former West St Leonards School site, East Sussex. Therefore having studied this case for a considerable amount of time, I would see myself as having a reasonably in-depth knowledge of the case, and be perfectly justified and able to make a fair decision, whether the proposals, in my opinion, should go ahead. Near the beginning of this enquiry I have studied the views of the local community. From the residents surveys carried out your able to see that most people in and around the West St Leonards area appear to be largely in favour of the proposed developments. (Roughly 70%) But clearly other people also seem to be concerned for the welfare of the surrounding environment, wildlife, the impact the extra traffic may have and the construction jobs. In the second section to my enquiry I carried out surveys of the old West St Leonards school site. From my environmental quality survey and site analysis, it is evident that the environmental quality in and around the site previous to the development would be far greater than if the proposals were to take place. For the third part to my studies I carried out a traffic survey for the roads in the neighbouring areas to the site. This was to indicate whether the developments would generate any increase in traffic, and congestion. As you may have noticed from the links flows, the impact on the surrounding roads would generate a surprisingly low increase and flows and congestion. In the fourth area of this enquiry I investigated other sites considered and later rejected by ASDA; the silverhill site appears overall not entirely suitable for a superstore of this scale. This is largely because I believe the surrounding roads couldn't cope with the traffic increase. Where as the railways goods yard strikes me as more suitable, it is a very good and central location with excellent access for both cars and pedestrians (possibly having alighted from the very frequent public transport running very nearby.) But unfortunately this site would undoubtedly have competition from nearby Safeway's, and smaller convince store. Lastly I don't believe that the Bohemia road site is appropriate as the impact on the surrounding environment and roads would outweigh the advantages of the site. In my fifth and final section I have been looking at the already existing ASDA superstore in the crumbles Retail Park, Eastbourne. This ASDA, I think is in a very suitable location and scored well when I carried out a site survey. From my shoppers questionnaire, and task disk survey I have discovered that the store attracts some long distance visitors but overall it is primarily a local store. After investigating all the pros and cons for the old West St Lenoards school site, and considering possible alternatives, I believe that yes the proposed developments should get the ‘go ahead.' In my opinion it is the most appropriate site within the town, this is because it is by far the largest site. If these developments aren't to go ahead, some other development such as houses/flats would take its place, almost defiantly resulting in an equal, if not worse impact on the surrounding environment. As for the traffic, well from my research the increase of traffic on the surrounding roads would be minimal. Overall my opinion is the advantages convincingly outweigh the disadvantages, therefore, I believe the council would be justified in allowing the proposals to proceed.

Cuban Missile Crisis The United States - 1054 Words

Michael Gannon Prof. Pauly HST 390 April 14, 2015 Telegram Cuban Missile Crisis Telegram November 1, 1962 FM AMEMBASSY MOSCOW TO SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 8342 AMEMBASSY BERLIN 1. SUMMARY: The Cuban Missile Crisis was one of the scariest moments in United States history and was quite possibly the closest the United States has come to all-out nuclear war with the Soviet Union. Starting with the Cuban Revolution in the 1950’s, which lead to our failure at the Bay of Pigs, and eventually culminating with the thirteen-day confrontation between our government and the government of the USSR regarding the placement of ballistic missiles in our close Caribbean neighbor, Cuba, the Cuban Missile Crisis was truly a terrifying experience. The placement of ballistic missiles in Cuba by Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev not only had massive implications in the Western hemisphere, but in Europe as well, specifically Berlin. 2. 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